Topic: Urbanização

Skyline view of Guangzhou

Global Urbanization

Learning From China's Explosive Urban Growth
By Katharine Wroth, Agosto 19, 2019

 

Over the past four decades, more than 500 million people have moved from rural China to the nation’s cities, drawn by economic opportunities unavailable in the countryside. Today, 60 percent of the population lives in urban areas, compared to just 18 percent in 1978. The rapid, often uncoordinated urban growth caused by this massive migration has dramatically altered China’s cities and the land around them, resulting in pollution, overcrowding, and other challenges. Officials in China are now encouraging a shift from policies focused purely on growth to those that prioritize a higher quality of urbanization, explains Lincoln Institute of Land Policy China Program Director Zhi Liu. This shift, Liu says, “implies environmental sustainability, climate resilience, and better quality of urban life for all.” Examples of quality urbanization projects range from converting a sprawling industrial complex in Guangzhou into a cultural district to mandating the reduction of emissions from coal-fired power plants in Beijing.

Liu and the Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy (PLC) recently organized an international conference to explore China’s urban development trends, hosting more than 300 scholars and experts from 12 countries. Topics included the growth of “super megacity regions,” which are clustered metropolitan areas with a combined population of more than 10 million; the impacts of the shift from labor-intensive to high-tech industries; research on community well-being in suburban areas; and a discussion of how to finance urban growth through densification and redevelopment. The event was co-organized by the Peking University College of Urban and Environmental Sciences (PKU), University of Hong Kong, and Regional Science Association of China.

The conference—the fifth in a series, with previous incarnations held in Hong Kong, Shanghai, London, and Glasgow—brought together researchers from the fields of urban studies, geography, sociology, economics, political science, urban planning, urban management, and public policy, as well as China studies. “The research presented at this conference provides much-needed empirical evidence that will be helpful for policy making and policy reform,” Liu said. In addition to sharing research and data, presenters recommended steps such as improving inter-city coordination to equalize basic public services and continuing to study the well-being of residents to develop a robust evidence base for community planning and development.

The policy reform underway in China reflects a growing recognition that the outcomes of urbanization are not meeting the rising expectations of the government or people,” said the Lincoln Institute’s Vice President of Programs Armando Carbonell, who facilitated sessions at the conference. “China is a laboratory of urbanization, with fast-moving systems and a government willing to engage in policy experiments. Things move so quickly, you can hypothesize about what will happen, then actually see and learn from the results on the ground.”

With that type of learning in mind, the PLC also hosted a roundtable discussion at the conclusion of the conference, convening experts from China, Mexico, Uganda, and the U.S. to talk about land policy themes and research that cut across Africa, Latin America, and China. The group explored opportunities to build a research or educational program that bridges land policy work in those areas, concluding that there is a need for increased South-South knowledge sharing.

Given that China’s urbanization process has been more recent than Europe’s or North America’s, and that it has been as fast as, if not faster than, what is happening in Africa, there are opportunities to learn from China’s successes and avoid the pitfalls,” said Astrid Haas, a senior economist at the International Growth Centre who attended the conference and roundtable. Haas, who is based in Uganda, thinks learning about the policy shift underway in China will help African cities “embark on a path of quality urbanization from the outset.” She also points out that policy makers in China can learn from African experts on topics such as the property tax, which is in use in some African countries but only just being considered in China. “There are strong opportunities for two-way learning,” Haas said.

As the PLC explores the possibility of expanding its work in the region—an idea that PKU President Ping Hao voiced support for in a meeting with Lincoln Institute staff members ahead of the conference—the Center could play a role in facilitating that sharing. “This is a perfect example of an opportunity for the Institute to help connect people across regions,” said Enrique Silva, who leads Lincoln’s International and Institute-wide Initiatives program and helped organize the roundtable discussion. “Though their state structures differ, China, Africa, and Latin America face many of the same ‘headline issues’ related to resource distribution and the challenges of rapid urbanization. We are eager to help develop peer networks and build capacity so they can learn from each other.”

 


 

Katharine Wroth is the editor of Land Lines. 

Photographs in order of appearance:

Recent efforts to improve quality of life in Guangzhou, one of the largest cities in China, include addressing air pollution and redeveloping industrial areas. Credit: Sergei Gussev/Flickr CC BY-NC 2.0.

Leaders from the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and the Peking University met in Beijing this summer. On the front step, left to right, are Lincoln Institute President and CEO George W. McCarthy, Lincoln Institute Board Chair and Chief Investment Officer Kathryn J. Lincoln, and Peking University President Ping Hao. Zhi Liu, director of the Peking University-Lincoln Institute Center for Urban Development and Land Policy, stands second from left in the back. Credit: Courtesy of Peking University.  

 

Course

Alternativas para Financiar el Desarrollo Urbano

Setembro 23, 2019 - Novembro 15, 2019

Free, oferecido em espanhol


Descripción

El curso permite una instancia de discusión y análisis sobre alternativas eficientes y menos onerosas de financiamiento del desarrollo urbano, mediante la utilización de instrumentos de gestión territorial que promuevan la distribución justa de los beneficios y las cargas derivadas del proceso de urbanización, así como la recuperación de inversiones públicas que hayan generado valorización de inmuebles urbanos. 

Se comenzará con una presentación de las cuestiones jurídicas relativas al uso de instrumentos tributarios y regulatorios, para luego abordar instrumentos específicos de financiamiento urbano, tales como el cobro de cargas urbanísticas, y la contribución por mejoras y operaciones urbanas.

Relevancia

Los recursos públicos disponibles para satisfacer las carencias de infraestructura urbana en las ciudades latinoamericanas son escasos. Sin embargo, las inversiones en infraestructura pública y la regulación urbanística producen una valorización del suelo que beneficia selectivamente a algunas propiedades. 

Los costos de las obras, así como los impactos de los mayores índices de aprovechamiento o cambios en los usos del suelo, difícilmente son recuperados. En este contexto, la utilización de la valorización del suelo como fuente de financiamiento es entendida como un mecanismo de control social de los instrumentos de planificación y financiamiento urbano, que permite una mejor y más justa distribución de cargas y beneficios del proceso de urbanización.

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Detalhes

Data(s)
Setembro 23, 2019 - Novembro 15, 2019
Período de candidatura
Julho 17, 2019 - Agosto 14, 2019
Data de notificação de seleção
Setembro 6, 2019 at 6:00 PM
Idioma
espanhol
Custo
Free
Taxa de inscrição
Free
Tipo de crédito educacional
Lincoln Institute certificate

Palavras-chave

Regulação dos Mercados Fundiários, Valor da Terra, Tributação Imobiliária, Financiamento por Tributos Adicionais, Tributação, Desenvolvimento Urbano, Recuperação de Mais-Valias

Course

Informalidad y Políticas de Regularización

Setembro 23, 2019 - Novembro 15, 2019

Free, oferecido em espanhol


Descripción

El curso reúne diferentes miradas sobre la informalidad con el propósito de ampliar la perspectiva crítica, tanto frente a la comprensión del problema, como a las formas de buscar soluciones. Se recorrerá una trayectoria desde lo conceptual a lo práctico, con aportes de disciplinas como la sociología, el urbanismo, la economía y el derecho.

Se analizará la relación causal entre informalidad y mercados de suelo y se revisarán prácticas comunes en la región. A través de dos estudios de caso se presentarán mecanismos alternativos de acceso al suelo servido, basados en la movilización de plusvalías para el financiamiento del desarrollo urbano.

Relevancia

El fenómeno de la informalidad urbana afecta a más de cien millones de personas en América Latina y la región no ha reaccionado positivamente a los programas de apoyo que se han aplicado en las últimas décadas. De aquí nace la necesidad de un abordaje interdisciplinario del problema y de cuestionar el rol de los mercados de suelo para explicar la existencia, permanencia y crecimiento de la informalidad, especialmente cuando tiene como consecuencia la segregación y exclusión de los habitantes más vulnerables de la ciudad.

Bajar la convocatoria


Detalhes

Data(s)
Setembro 23, 2019 - Novembro 15, 2019
Período de candidatura
Julho 17, 2019 - Agosto 14, 2019
Data de notificação de seleção
Setembro 6, 2019 at 6:00 PM
Idioma
espanhol
Custo
Free
Taxa de inscrição
Free
Tipo de crédito educacional
Lincoln Institute certificate

Palavras-chave

Favela, Mercados Fundiários Informais, Pobreza, Políticas Públicas, Segurança de Posse, Segregação, Favela, Partes Interessadas, Posse, Urbano, Melhoria Urbana e Regularização

Course

Gestión del Suelo en Grandes Proyectos Urbanos

Setembro 23, 2019 - Novembro 15, 2019

Free, oferecido em espanhol


Descripción

El curso presenta una aproximación general a las intervenciones urbanas de gran envergadura, denominadas usualmente Grandes Proyectos Urbanos (GPU) y busca generar una reflexión sobre los desafíos que representan para la gestión de suelo. En este sentido, el participante tendrá una introducción a los fundamentos de la formación de precios y al funcionamiento de mercados de suelo en América Latina, y se abordarán los impactos y desafíos que traen los GPU en el manejo del suelo.

Se hará énfasis en el análisis de casos locales e internacionales de estos proyectos y sus instrumentos de planificación, financiación y gestión del suelo, como por ejemplo las operaciones urbanas (CEPAC y Otorga Onerosa del Derecho de Construir – OODC), los planes parciales (reparto de cargas y beneficios) y las asociaciones público-privadas.

Relevancia

Los  Grandes  Proyectos  Urbanos  combinan  una  escala espacial de gran envergadura con la alta complejidad de su gestión y financiación, y constituyen una práctica común en las ciudades de América Latina. El componente suelo es parte esencial de su estructura, puesto que pueden impulsar cambios urbanos que afectan los valores de los terrenos.

La valorización del suelo generada por la implementación de este tipo de proyectos representa un potencial de autofinanciamiento y redistribución de rentas en la ciudad, a partir de la movilización de plusvalías para beneficio público. De esta manera, su estudio y entendimiento son de gran importancia para el desarrollo de las ciudades latinoamericanas.

Bajar la convocatoria


Detalhes

Data(s)
Setembro 23, 2019 - Novembro 15, 2019
Período de candidatura
Julho 17, 2019 - Agosto 14, 2019
Data de notificação de seleção
Setembro 6, 2019 at 6:00 PM
Idioma
espanhol
Custo
Free
Taxa de inscrição
Free
Tipo de crédito educacional
Lincoln Institute certificate

Palavras-chave

Estimativa, Brownfield, BRT, Transporte Rápido por Onibus, Distritos de Melhoria de Negócios, Desenvolvimento, Desenvolvimento Econômico, Economia, Expropriação, Meio Ambiente, Gestão Ambiental, SIG, Habitação, Inequidade, Infraestrutura, Banco de Terras, Monitoramento do Mercado Fundiário, Regulação dos Mercados Fundiários, Monitoramento Fundiário, Especulação Fundiário, Uso do Solo, Planejamento de Uso do Solo, Valor da Terra, Temas Legais, Governo Local, Espaço Aberto, Planejamento, Poluição, Pobreza, Políticas Públicas, Reutilização do Solo Urbano, Segregação, Favela, Crescimento Inteligente, Partes Interessadas, Suburbano, Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Desenvolvimento Orientado ao Transporte, Urbano, Desenho Urbano, Desenvolvimento Urbano, Regeneração Urbana, Espraiamento Urbano, Melhoria Urbana e Regularização, Urbanismo, Recuperação de Mais-Valias, Zonificação

2019 International Conference on China Urban Development

Junho 27, 2019 - Junho 29, 2019

Beijing, China

Offered in inglês

Main Theme: Paradigm Shift to Quality Urbanization

After years of rapid urbanization that emphasized construction and economic growth, China is entering a new era of urban development with a policy focus on the quality of urbanization. This paradigm shift is timely but also challenging. The past urbanization model has led to serious environmental degradation, distortions in land and housing markets, and worsening wealth inequalities. This pattern of development must be addressed through new efforts towards quality of urbanization. Climate change, aging infrastructure, and emerging technologies pose both new challenges and opportunities for the country. China can learn significantly from similar global experiences in new urbanism. Its pursuit for quality urbanization will be crucial for the successful implementation of the New Urban Agenda, which was adopted by national governments at the United Nations Conference on Housing and Sustainable Urban Development (Habitat III).

This conference continues the series of International Conferences on China Urban Development, previously held in Cardiff, Hong Kong, Shanghai, London, and Glasgow. It will bring together researchers from urban studies, geography, sociology, economics, political science, urban planning, urban management, public policy, and China studies from different parts of the world. These researchers will share empirical and policy research findings on urbanization and urbanism. It will provide a platform to explore the complex process of urban development in China, and to debate policy and actions towards quality urbanization in an increasingly uncertain world.


Detalhes

Data(s)
Junho 27, 2019 - Junho 29, 2019
Horário
2:00 p.m. - 6:15 p.m.
Local
Yingjie Exchange Center, Peking University
Beijing, China
Idioma
inglês