Estrategias para Implementar una Valuación Masiva con Fines Fiscales
October 14, 2019 - November 15, 2019
Online
Free, offered in Spanish
Profesor: Marco Aurélio Stumpf González
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Descripción
El curso aborda temas relacionados con la valuación masiva de bienes inmuebles, desde una perspectiva fiscal, de manera de desarrollar una discusión con espíritu crítico sobre los fenómenos relacionados con el mercado inmobiliario, la tasación, la evaluación masiva, así como los recursos, técnicas e instrumentos de análisis económico y de avalúo fiscal.
Los participantes desarrollarán un análisis práctico basado de los diferentes métodos de valuación, donde podrán identificar las virtudes y deficiencias de los métodos de valuación en los sistemas catastrales de sus jurisdicciones.
Relevancia
Este tema está directamente relacionado con la eficiencia y justicia del sistema de financiación de los órganos estatales, con el fin de generar recursos económicos para el desarrollo de políticas públicas en beneficio de la población general.
Se evaluarán propuestas de cambios administrativos, legales y tecnológicos necesarios para la implantación de métodos de valuación en un sistema catastral multifinalitario, orientado al desarrollo de políticas de suelo que promuevan el desarrollo urbano, es decir, los elementos necesarios para construir un sistema catastral que pueda ofrecer avalúos fiscales en condiciones de justicia y eficiencia de tasación.
Assessment, Cadastre, Land Value, Land Value Taxation, Taxation, Valuation, Value-Based Taxes
2019 National Conference of State Tax Judges
October 31, 2019 - November 2, 2019
Boston, MA United States
Offered in English
Speakers: Nina Olson, James Hagy, Lawrence Walters, Ronald Rakow, David Brunori, Hon. Joseph Small, Thomas Atherton, Will Shepherd, Joan Youngman, Richard Pomp, Kirk Stark
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The National Conference of State Tax Judges meets annually to review recent state tax decisions, consider methods of dealing with complex tax and valuation disputes, and share experiences in case management. This meeting provides an opportunity for judges to hear and question academic experts in law, valuation, finance, and economics, and to exchange views on current legal issues facing tax courts in different states. This year’s program includes sessions on tax exemptions for nonprofit organizations, valuation of regulated utilities, facilitating mediation and settlement of tax disputes, and tax appeals by big box stores.
Details
Date
October 31, 2019 - November 2, 2019
Location
Boston Park Plaza 50 Park Plaza at Arlington Street Boston, MA United States
The David C. Lincoln Fellowships in Land Value Taxation were established to encourage academic and professional interest in land value taxation through support for major research projects. This program honors David C. Lincoln, founding chairman of the Lincoln Institute, and his long-standing commitment to land value taxation studies by encouraging scholars and practitioners to undertake new work on the theory of land value taxation and its application to contemporary fiscal systems.
The 2019–2020 program will focus specifically on land valuation techniques. To improve proficiency in new methods of land valuation, we invite fellowship applicants to submit proposals for estimating land value based on a data set provided by the Institute. The data set offers 12 years of land sales, improved sales, and assessment data from a large urban county, and includes parcel and structure characteristics. A sample and data dictionary are available upon request. Successful applicants will be invited to present their projects at a Lincoln Institute conference.
Appraisal, Assessment, Cadastre, Henry George, Inequality, Land Value, Land Value Taxation, Land-Based Tax, Local Government, Property Taxation, Taxation, Valuation, Value Capture, Value-Based Taxes
Value Capture
This Year’s Big Idea: Unlocking the Value of Land
By Lincoln Institute Staff, October 16, 2018
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Land value capture—the concept behind several mechanisms to finance infrastructure, affordable housing, and other key components of urban development—was rich food for thought at the Daniel Burnham Forum on Big Ideas at the American Planning Association Policy Conference last month in Washington, DC.
As a policy approach currently being deployed around the world, land value capture enables communities to recover and reinvest land value increases that result from public investment and other government actions, such as rezoning. Also known as value sharing or value recovery, it is rooted in the notion that public action should generate public benefit.
The concept of land value capture has a long history, dating from the Roman Empire and including Baron von Haussmann’s 19th-century redevelopment of Paris, said Anthony Flint, senior fellow at the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, who introduced an expert panel at the plenary session of the conference. The concept also traces its roots to the American political economist Henry George, who observed during the Gilded Age that private landowners were reaping the benefits of urban development and public investment through no effort of their own. George advocated for the land value tax—a more honest assessment of the way public actions boost the value of land—as a remedy.
Many well-known economic development and public finance tools in the United States are actually instruments of land value capture, even if they’re not labeled as such. These include, for example, density bonuses and inclusionary housing policies, which require developers of new residential projects to provide a portion of affordable homes (affordable housing was a major theme throughout the conference). Other land value capture tools include special assessments, developer exactions, betterment contributions, linkage fees, improvement districts, community benefit agreements, the transfer of development rights, and land assembly or land readjustment.
Cities around the globe have deployed other innovative land value capture mechanisms. In London, for example, the regional transit agency is helping to pay for its massive new CrossRail project by measuring and recovering increased adjacent property values resulting from the infrastructure. The city of São Paulo, Brazil, has raised billions of dollars by auctioning development rights on the stock market through an instrument known as CEPACs. Under Hong Kong’s “rail plus” model, the public transit agency partners with developers to build along rail lines and shares in the profits.
In the United States, land value capture is funding infrastructure at San Francisco’s Transbay Transit Center and New York’s Hudson Yards. New York Governor Andrew Cuomo proposed special assessment districts at new transit nodes, where developers and landowners benefit from the proximity of a station.
Julie Kim, program developer at Stanford University’s Global Projects Center, highlighted how land value capture can make local governments more fiscally independent. She said local governments must demonstrate how public projects increase value for the private sector in a direct and measurable way. She said reciprocal arrangements have come to be expected: if developers receive density bonuses, for example, they know they’ll need to provide more affordable housing in exchange.
Gerald Korngold, professor at New York Law School, contextualized the legal and constitutional framework of land value capture. He emphasized that while land value capture is not a widely used phrase in the United States, the policy tools are commonplace. “This is not some odd, newfangled idea,” he said. “It has been part of U.S. municipal finance for well over 150 years.”
Korngold said value capture policies need to be consistent with constitutional protections of property rights—specifically the Fifth Amendment stating that private property cannot be taken for public use without just compensation. Over time, landowners have challenged various regulations and requirements as a de facto “taking.” Korngold surveyed the history of U.S. property rights jurisprudence—from Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes’s caution in Pennsylvania Coal v. Mahon (1922) about government regulation that goes “too far” to Nollan v. California Coastal Commission (1987) and Dolan v. City of Tigard (1994), which established that exactions or contributions from landowners must have an “essential nexus” and “rough proportionality” between government demands and a project’s adverse impacts. In 2016, in of the most recent significant cases, the Supreme Court let stand an inclusionary housing ordinance in San Jose, which is not subject to the Nollan/Dolan test because it is designed to improve the public welfare, according to the California Supreme Court.
Michael Alexander, director of the Atlanta Regional Commission’s Center for Livable Communities, zeroed in on new partnerships and approaches to financing infrastructure and urban redevelopment in the Atlanta area. Local governments in Georgia use financing tools such as tax allocation districts (TADs) and community investment districts (CIDs). CIDs, which are self-taxing districts blended with public-private development finance strategies, have financed projects such as the new streetcar extensions in the Atlanta metro region.
The panelists agreed that the goals of financing infrastructure and more equitable urban development were paramount—especially in the absence of a national plan for urban infrastructure. There is no substitute for government funding and borrowing, but land value capture can be a critical supplement.