Topic: Tecnología e instrumentos

Tecnociudad

Las viviendas imprimibles en 3D comienzan a tomar forma
Por Rob Walker, Febrero 10, 2019

 

En la última década, la impresión tridimensional fue una de las ideas con mayor resonancia en el ámbito de la tecnología. En vez de agregar tinta a un papel, una impresora 3D traduce un diseño digital en un objeto al agregar capas y capas de material (plástico, metal o concreto) mediante una extrusora guiada por computadora. Casi como un tubo motorizado de dentífrico. El proceso posee una descripción más correcta, pero menos chistosa: “fabricación aditiva”, y ha evolucionado desde los usos para prototipos veloces de las corporaciones tecnológicas y empresas de diseño a experimentos generalizados de aficionados, hackers y emprendedores, que realizan distintos objetos, desde productos de consumo hasta juguetes.

Pero ¿y si pensamos en algo más grande, como una casa?

En realidad, desde hace varios años, investigadores y emprendedores de todo el mundo han estado aplicando variaciones de la técnica para llevar a cabo proyectos del tamaño de edificios cada vez más ambiciosos. El último ejemplo corresponde a un desarrollo de cinco viviendas en Eindhoven, Países Bajos. Es un experimento ambicioso que involucra a múltiples socios, quienes lucharán no solo con las practicidades del diseño y la construcción, sino también con las regulaciones y el mercado del mundo real, dado que las propiedades se alquilarán. “Necesitamos una gran revolución en la industria de la construcción”, dijo Rudy van Gurp, gerente de proyecto de la constructora Van Wijnen Rosmalen; la aplicación de técnicas en impresión 3D podría ser parte de ella.

Algunas ventajas de esta forma de construcción, que sigue evolucionando, son el uso más eficiente de materiales, que reduce costos y minimiza el desperdicio, y el potencial de personalización. O, al menos, eso es lo que se promete, si la tecnología sigue mejorando al ritmo actual. Ese es un motivo por el cual el experimento de Eindhoven es notable, dado que es la continuación de un auge reciente de descubrimientos prototípicos relacionados entre sí.

El marzo pasado, una empresa llamada Icon, de Austin, Texas, usó su enfoque sobre la tecnología de impresión 3D para construir una vivienda moderna e intencionalmente minimalista de 32,5 metros cuadrados por USD 10.000, según lo informado, y predijo que podría abaratar el costo a USD 4.000 si sigue modificando el diseño para reducir aún más los elementos no “impresos”. La estructura se construyó de conformidad con los códigos locales de vivienda y hoy se utiliza como casa y oficina modelo. Icon concibe al proyecto como una posible solución a las necesidades de vivienda en los países en vías de desarrollo, y trabaja con la asociación sin fines de lucro New Story para llevar su enfoque a El Salvador.

Y, en julio, una familia francesa de cinco integrantes fue seleccionada para, aparentemente, ser la primera en el mundo en mudarse a una casa impresa en 3D: una vivienda de interés social no adosada, de 93 metros cuadrados, con curvas vistosas. Los organizadores de ese proyecto dicen que cuesta unos USD 200.000, lo cual, según dicen, es un 20 por ciento menos que una versión idéntica construida con los métodos tradicionales. La impresión de la estructura llevó 54 horas, pero la terminación de otros elementos no impresos, como las ventanas y el techo, demoró otros 4 meses.

Se proyecta reducir los costos y los tiempos de construcción a medida que se mejora el proceso. Sin embargo, lo que importará a largo plazo es cómo se fusiona la tecnología con los objetivos existentes de planificación urbana, y también con un razonamiento más abierto sobre el desarrollo y el uso del suelo. Ese es el otro motivo por el cual el proyecto de Eindhoven es convincente: una de las varias partes que busca explorar e influir en el futuro de la construcción es la ciudad misma.

“Me preguntaba por qué [la construcción] es un sector tan tradicional”, reflexiona Yasin Torunoglu, el vicealcalde. “Las casas y los edificios nuevos siempre se construyeron del mismo modo”. Y eso llevó a problemas prácticos en el día a día. Por ejemplo, en los Países Bajos hay escasez de albañiles experimentados, lo cual parece ser un motivo típico del s. XX para demoras en la construcción. “Me preguntaba dónde estaba la revolución [tecnológica]”, dice Torunoglu.

Al ayudar a coordinar la sociedad que impulsa el proyecto que hoy se denomina Milestone, Torunoglu quería que la ciudad se involucrara directamente para dar forma al impacto de la tecnología y a las implicaciones normativas, en vez de ir a la zaga del cambio generado por otros y reaccionar a él, como suele suceder con las disrupciones tecnológicas.

La labor incluye a otros colaboradores, como la Universidad Tecnológica de Eindhoven y la empresa de diseño Houben en Van Mierlo Architecten. La tecnología principal, desarrollada por la universidad, se usó para construir el primer puente de concreto del mundo impreso en 3D, en 2017. Una gran boquilla mecánica montada en un marco exprime concreto en cantidades precisas y con un patrón programado, para construir paredes y formas al igual que una impresora 3D, pero a mayor escala.

La última labor se desarrollará en cinco años y, al igual que cualquier impresión 3D, se construirá capa por capa. La primera vivienda es una estructura de un piso con dos habitaciones, y debería estar lista para el año próximo. La mayor parte, se realizará en el laboratorio de construcción de la universidad, y luego se transportará al sitio y se ensamblará. Las tuberías y el cableado se diagraman en los diseños impresos y se terminan en el sitio. Las viviendas subsiguientes crecen cada vez más en tamaño y ambición. El equipo aprenderá lecciones de cada experiencia para dar forma a la siguiente, desde detalles de la construcción hasta problemas de codificación. La estructura final se “imprimirá” en el sitio.

Los diseños son llamativos e idiosincráticos, y tendrán formas difusas, con curvas inconfundibles e impredecibles. Este es un resultado directo del proceso de impresión 3D. Los diseños se pueden alterar y modificar para cada casa, de modo que se puede obtener una “personalización verdaderamente masiva”, según dijo el constructor van Gurp: “Cada vivienda tendrá un aspecto diferente”. Torunoglu, vicealcalde de Eindhoven, dio un argumento similar: que el proceso podría “democratizar la industria” y ofrecer un aporte de diseño sin precedentes para los compradores de viviendas.

Por supuesto, falta mucho para eso. El proceso es “muy interesante y podría reducir muchísimo el costo de las viviendas”, dijo Armando Carbonell, miembro sénior y presidente del Departamento de planificación y forma urbana del Instituto Lincoln de Políticas de Suelo. “Pero es una posibilidad”.

Si las mejoras prometidas se cumplen, este método sería un 40 por ciento más económico que una construcción estándar, según dicen los defensores de la pujante industria. Pero, a pesar de que eso puede ser muy importante, el impacto variará. En los mercados más codiciados, como Nueva York o San Francisco, la porción de costos de vivienda atribuibles al valor territorial duplica o triplica los costos de construcción; este método sería más efectivo en esas ciudades si se demuestra que se puede construir hacia “arriba” y aumentar la densidad. En los mercados más tranquilos, como Cleveland y St. Louis, en los que la construcción altera el costo de las viviendas, las casas impresas en 3D podrían reducir drásticamente dichos costos, según indica Carbonell. Esto podría tener un impacto aun más grande en los contextos de países en vías de desarrollo.

El proyecto de Eindhoven está más dirigido a compradores más lujosos, pero aun así, podría ofrecer una ayuda importante para establecer la impresión 3D como una opción viable para la construcción, porque el éxito o el fracaso dependen de la aceptación real de los consumidores. “Aprender de este proceso es un desafío”, dijo Torunoglu, vicealcalde de Eindhoven. “Debemos colaborar con el mercado”.

Más de 100 personas se han inscrito como potenciales arrendatarios; eso es una buena señal de dicha colaboración. Ese nivel de interés no se puede fabricar.

 


 

Rob Walker (robwalker.net) es columnista de la sección Sunday Business del New York Times.

Crédito de la imagen: Houben en Van Mierlo Architects

2019 Journalists Forum

Marzo 29, 2019 - Marzo 30, 2019

Phoenix, AZ United States

Free, offered in inglés

The Lincoln Institute’s Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy hosted the 2019 Journalists Forum, The Future of Water: Lessons from the Colorado River Basin, to uncover the inexorable link between land use and water. From the mountains of Colorado and Wyoming to the deserts of Baja California, the over-allocation of the Colorado River is an existential challenge for the 40 million people and environment that depend on the river. This two-day, invitation-only forum explored the history, science, and politics of water management, and delve into innovative policies and practices—by national and local governments as well as the private sector, non-governmental organizations, and individuals—that can help forge a sustainable water future.

Video of the sessions is being added. Please check back for new video. 

Presentations, Session Video Clips, & Agenda


Friday, March 29: Forum Day One

Residence Inn by Marriott Phoenix Downtown – Encanto 1 & 2
132 South Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85004

8:00 – 8:30 AM: Registration and Breakfast 

 


8:30 – 9:00 AM: Introduction and Welcome
George W. “Mac” McCarthy, President & CEO, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
Kathryn Lincoln, Board Chair and Chief Investment Officer, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
Christopher Callahan, Arizona State University Dean, University Vice Provost and Arizona PBS CEO

 


9:00 AM: Opening Keynote 
Bruce Babbitt, Former U.S. Secretary of the Interior and Governor of Arizona


9:20 – 9:35 AM: Break

 


9:35 – 10:50 AM: Session 1: Framing the Context/Hydrology and History of the Colorado River 
We’ll start with the big questions for the Colorado River Basin: How did we get here? How has the system worked over the past 100+ years, right up to the situation we find ourselves in today? How do past decisions shape future options? This session will swiftly walk journalists through the basics, provide a refresher for veteran water beat reporters, and allow us to quickly dive into a higher–level discussion.

Moderator: Allen Best, Producer, Energy News Network
Panelists: Daniel Bunk, Deputy Chief, Boulder Canyon Operations Office, Lower Colorado Region, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Anne Castle, Senior Fellow, Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, University of Colorado, Boulder; Sara Porterfield, Founder, Tributaries Consulting LLC

Session 1 Presentation – Daniel Bunk, USBR
Session 1 Presentation – Jim Holway, Babbitt Center
Session 1 Presentation – Sara Porterfield, Tributaries Consulting


10:55 AM – 12:15 PM: Session 2: Hydrology, Climate, and Tribes: How Warming Is Changing Everything  
We can’t talk about water without talking about climatic variability and long–term climate change, which exacerbates scarcity in the Colorado River basin and elsewhere. We will review two major basin studies, including the recent Tribal Water Study, and consider the role of tribes and how climate change will intensify the challenges. Solutions must be seen through the climate lens, now and into the future. 

Moderator: Ariana Brocious, Senior Reporter/Producer (The Buzz), Arizona Public Media
Panelists: Pamela Adams, Native American Affairs Program Manager, Lower Colorado Region, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Kathy Jacobs, Director, Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions, University of Arizona; Daryl Vigil, Water Administrator at Jicarilla Apache Nation

Session 2 Presentation – Pam Adams, USBR
Session 2 Presentation – Kathy Jacobs, U of A


12:15 – 1:15 PM: Lunch 
Residence Inn by Marriott Phoenix Downtown – Encanto Pre-Function Room

 


1:15 – 2:25 PM: Session 3: Around the Water Table: Connecting Stakeholders  
If whiskey is for drinking and water for fighting over, it’s largely due to the emotional and cultural associations that have built up a dynamic over the years. Different groups representing agriculture, business and economic growth, the environment, urban development, just to name a few, tend to make assumptions about each other’s motives. How can traditional stakeholders and newer interests, including the business community find common ground to support difficult decisions? 

Moderator: Bret Jaspers, Senior Field Correspondent, KJZZ
Panelists: Paul Bruchez, Rancher, Reeder Creek Ranch; Terry Brunner, Founder, Grow New Mexico; Kirsten James, Director of California Policy, Ceres, Inc.


2:30 – 3:40 PM: Session 4: Linking Land and Water in the Colorado Basin
In this session we’ll explore the water management frameworks in several basin states and a community’s innovative efforts to address the Colorado River Basin water sustainability through the critical interplay of land and water. Discussion will include how land use planning has a direct impact on water use, and ultimately water availability. How can these two worlds be bridged to better meet the needs of people, agriculture, and nature?

Moderator: Vanessa Ruiz, Director-Borderlands Bureau at Cronkite News, Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication and Arizona PBS, Arizona State University
Panelists: Andrew Fahlund, Senior Program Officer, Water Foundation; Stu Feinglas, Retired Water Resources Specialist, City of Westminster, Colorado; Jim Holway, Director, Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy

Session 4 Presentation – Andrew Fahlund, Water Foundation
Session 4 Presentation – Stu Feinglas, Retired City of Westminster
Session 4 Presentation – Jim Holway, Babbitt Center


3:40 – 4:00 PM: Break

 


4:00 – 5:20 PM: Session 5: Future Water Supplies, Technology, and Conservation
We’ll examine how technological advances and cutting–edge conservation practices can help improve water sustainability. Judge whether advances in desalination, smart infrastructure, gaining efficiencies in distribution, and effluent re–use are supplementary or central steps for better water management.

Moderator: Daniel Rothberg, Reporter, The Nevada Independent
Panelists: Sean Bothwell, Executive Director, California Coastkeeper Alliance; Chuck Cullum, Colorado River Program Manager, Central Arizona Project; Sara Ransom, Deputy Civil County Attorney, Cochise County Attorney’s Office


6:30 – 9:00 PM: Babbitt Center For Land and Water Policy Reception & Dinner

Special Guest Appearance: Not So Stranger than Fiction: A Conversation with Paolo Bacigalupi, author of the Water Knife

Residence Inn by Marriott Phoenix Downtown – Encanto Pre-Function Room (reception), Encanto 1 & 2 (dinner)
132 South Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85004

 


Saturday, March 30: Forum Day 2

Residence Inn by Marriott Phoenix Downtown – Encanto 1 & 2
132 South Central Avenue
Phoenix, AZ 85004

7:30 – 8:30 AM: Breakfast 

 


8:30 – 8:40 AM: Day 2 Opening Comments

 


8:40 – 9:55 AM: Session 6: Innovations in Water Data and Decision Support Tools 
Huge advances in satellite data collection, mapping, improving data access, scenario planning, and simulation exercises can help stakeholders understand actual conditions and constraints to guide policies based on solid evidence. These tools are critical because of the element of uncertainty in our water future. What twists and turns do the data suggest might be in store? 

Moderator: Mitch Tobin, Director, The Water Desk, University of Colorado
Panelists: Jeffrey Allenby, Director of Conservation Technology, Chesapeake Conservancy; George McCarthy, President and CEO, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy; Jessica Norriss, Policy & Partnerships, Upstream Tech

Session 6 Presentation – Jeff Allenby, CIC
Session 6 Presentation – Jessie Norriss, Upstream Tech


10:00 – 11:45 AM: Session 7: Preparing for Potential Shortages: Colorado River Drought Contingency Planning 
The way the Colorado River Basin confronts a near–term challenge – potential shortages as early as 2020 – might provide a roadmap for addressing scarcity longer–term. We will discuss system conservation, Upper vs. Lower basin perspectives, and powerful underlying issues of equity. Can this work become a blueprint for the future?

Moderator: Ian James, Reporter, The Arizona Republic
Panelists:  Sandy Bahr, Grand Canyon Chapter Director, Sierra Club; Clint Chandler, Assistant Director, Arizona Department of Water Resources; Lorelei Cloud, Treasurer, Tribal Council, Southern Ute Indian Tribe; Michael Cohen, Senior Associate, Pacific Institute; Jim Lochhead, CEO/Manager, Denver Water; Leslie Meyers, Area Manager, Phoenix Area Office, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation; Kevin Moran, Senior Director, Ecosystems Water Program, Environmental Defense Fund; Commissioner Roberto Salmón, Mexican Commissioner, Mexico-United States International Boundary and Water Commission


11:50 AM – 1:00 PM: Working Lunch Keynote Addresses on Federal and Tribal Perspectives

Terry Fulp, Lower Colorado Regional Director, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 

Roberto Salmón, Mexican Commissioner, Mexico-United States International Boundary and Water Commission

Governor Stephen R. Lewis, Gila River Indian Community

Residence Inn by Marriott Phoenix Downtown – Encanto Pre-Function Room


1:05 – 2:20 PM: Session 8: Toward Sustainable Futures for the Colorado River 
Further discussions with consideration of what’s next – exploring longer term and more significant changes that delve into the concept of water markets, new ideas about system conservation and governance, and water transfers to support growth. What would it take to bring the basin into balance?

Moderator: Matt Jenkins, Freelance Journalist
Panelists: Anne Castle, Senior Fellow, Getches-Wilkinson Center for Natural Resources, University of Colorado, Boulder; Pat Mulroy, Senior Fellow, William S Boyd School of Law, University of Nevada, Las Vegas; Jennifer Pitt, Colorado River Program Director, Audubon; Dave White, Director, Decision Center for a Desert City, Arizona State University


2:25 – 3:45 PM: Session 9: Practicing the Craft: Covering Water and Public Awareness about Water and Land Connections 
The Forum’s closing session will be enlightening and aspirational. The moderator and panelists reflect on their experiences and suggest insights gleaned from the previous sessions, prompting a conversation driven by the attending journalists. What are the challenges of covering the water beat, especially in an environment of turbulence and dwindling resources in journalism? What topics do journalists find get most attention from readers and editors? What are they incentivized to write and what does not get covered? The discussion will lead where it may – but will segue to the conclusion and major messages from the Forum. 

Moderator: Mi-Ai Parrish, Sue Clark-Johnson Professor in Media Innovation and Leadership, Arizona State University
Panelists: Elizabeth Hightower Allen, Features Editor, Outside Magazine; Cynthia Barnett, Environmental Journalist in Residence, University of Florida College of Journalism and Communications; Sinjin Eberle, Communications & Visual Media Director, American Rivers


3:45 – 4:00 PM: Closing Remarks

 

Biographies

Headshot of Bruce Babbitt
Bruce Babbitt, former U.S. Interior Secretary and Governor of Arizona
 

 

Headshot of Sean Bothwell
Sean Bothwell, Executive Director at California Coastkeeper Alliance
 

 

Headshot of Anne Castle
Anne Castle, Senior Fellow, Getches-Wilkinson Center, University of Colorado, Boulder

 

Headshot of Jim Holway
Jim Holway, Director, Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy

 

Headshot of Kirsten James
Kirsten James, Ceres, Inc., Director, California Policy
 

 

Headshot of George W. McCarthy
George W. McCarthy, CEO, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

 

Headshot of Kathryn Lincoln
Kathryn Lincoln, Board and Chief Investment Officer, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy
 
Headshot of Jeff Allenby
Jeffrey Allenby, Director of Conservation Technology, Conservation Innovation Center
 
Matt Jenkins
Matt Jenkins, Freelance Journalist
 

 

Headshot of Cynthia Barnett
Cynthia Barnett, Journalist and author of Mirage, Blue Revolution and Rain: A Natural and Cultural History

 

Headshot of Kathy Jacobs
Kathy Jacobs, Director, Center for Climate Adaptation Science and Solutions, University of Arizona
 
Headshot of Anthony Flint
Anthony Flint, Senior Fellow, Office of the President, Lincoln Institute of Land Policy

 

Headshot of Dave White
Dave White, Director, Decision Center for a Desert City, Julie Ann Wrigley Global Institute of Sustainability, Arizona State University

 

Headshot of Roberto Salmón
Roberto Salmón, Mexican Commissioner, Mexico-United States International Boundary and Water Commission

 

Headshot of Kevin Moran
Kevin Moran, Senior Director, Ecosystems Water Program, Environmental Defense Fund

 

 

Headshot of Jim Lochhead
Jim Lochhead, CEO/Manager, Denver Water

 

Headshot of Sara Ransom
Sara Ransom, Cochise Conservation Network/Recharge District
​​​
 

Headshot of Christopher Callahan
Christopher Callahan, Arizona State University Dean, University Vice Provost, and Arizona PBS CEO

 

Headshot of Ian James
Ian James, Reporter, Arizona Republic

 

 

​​​​ ​​​​  ​​​​

Headshot of Leslie Meyer
Leslie Meyers, Chief, Phoenix Area Office, Bureau of Reclamation

​​​​
​​​​
 

    ​​​​  ​​​​

Headshot of Pat Mulroy
Pat Mulroy, Non-Resident Senior Fellow for Climate Adaptation and Environmental Policy, Brookings Institution

 

Headshot of Vanessa Ruiz
Vanessa Ruiz, Director, Cronkite News Borderlands

 

Headshot of Allen Best
Allen Best, Editor/Publisher, Mountain Town News

 

Headshot of Andrew Falhund
Andrew Fahlund, Senior Program Officer, Water Foundation
 
 

Headshot of Mi-Ai Parrish
Mi–Ai Parrish, Sue Clark–Johnson Professor in Media Innovation and Leadership, Arizona State University
 
Headshot of Paolo Bacigalupi
Paolo Bacigalupi, Author, The Water Knife

 

 

Headshot of Daryl Vigil
Daryl Vigil, Water Administrator, Jicarilla Apache Nation

 


Daniel Rothberg, Reporter, The Nevada Independent
 

 


Sandy Bahr, Director, Grand Canyon Chapter of Sierra Club

 


Sara Porterfield, Founder, Tributaries Consulting
 

 


Mitch Tobin, Director, The Water Desk, University of Colorado, Boulder
 

 


Lorelei Cloud, Council Member & Treasurer, Southern Ute Indian Tribe
 

 


Sinjin Eberle, Communications & Visual Media Director, American Rivers

 


Terry Brunner, Founder, Grow New Mexico
 

 

Jessica Norriss headshot
Jessica Norriss, Policy & Partnerships, Upstream Tech
 

 


Bret Jaspers, Senior Field Correspondent, KJZZ
 

 


Jennifer Pitt, Colorado River Program Director, Audubon
 

 


Stuart Feinglas, Senior Water Resources Analyst (retired), City of Westminster, Colorado

 


Michael Cohen, Senior Associate, Pacific Institute
 

 


Ariana Brocious, Senior Reporter/Producer (The Buzz), Arizona Public Media

 

 

Pamela Adams Photo
Pamela Adams, Native American Affairs Program Manager, Lower Colorado Region, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

 

Daniel Bunk headshot
Daniel Bunk, Deputy Chief, Boulder Canyon Operations Office, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 
 

 


Paul Bruchez, Rancher, Reeder Creek Ranch
 

 


Elizabeth Hightower Allen, Features Editor, Outside Magazine

 


Terry Fulp, Director, Lower Colorado Region, U.S. Bureau of Reclamation

 

Headshot of Clint Chandler
Clint Chandler, Assistant Director, Arizona Department of Water Resources

 

Gov. Stephen Lewis
Governor Stephen R. Lewis, Governor, Gila River Indian Community

 

Chuck Cullom
Chuck Cullom, Colorado River Programs Manager, Central Arizona Project

 

 

   

 

Walton Family Foundation Logo


Detalles

Fecha(s)
Marzo 29, 2019 - Marzo 30, 2019
Time
11:00 a.m. - 8:00 p.m.
Location
Phoenix, AZ United States
Idioma
inglés
Registration Fee
Free
Costo
Free

Keywords

mitigación climática, conservación, planificación de uso de suelo, mapeo, agua

Place Database

Percent Change in Population Colorado River Basin, 2000–2016
By Jenna DeAngelo, Enero 10, 2019

 

The Colorado River Basin includes four of the eight fastest-growing states in the nation: Arizona, Colorado, Nevada, and Utah. All seven of the basin states project strong population growth over the next decade, placing pressure on a river system that is already overallocated. Water conservation, water sharing agreements, and the integration of water into land use planning will be key strategies for ensuring long-term, sustainable resource use.

View the PDF version of this map for more detail and a key.

Source: The Place Database. www.lincolninst.edu/research-data/data/place-database

Curso

Herramientas Pedagógicas para el Estudio de Políticas de Suelo

Abril 23, 2019 - Abril 26, 2019

Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala

Free, ofrecido en español


La oferta académica en América Latina sobre mercados de suelo, recuperación de plusvalías y asentamientos informales, entre otros temas, es limitada en su capacidad de involucrar y motivar a los estudiantes a adquirir nuevos conocimientos y desarrollar nuevas habilidades de manera efectiva. Aunque hay una demanda para herramientas pedagógicas innovadoras, en la región hay pocas oportunidades para que los educadores puedan reunirse a compartir conocimientos, técnicas y enfoques en el diseño y uso de herramientas pedagógicas que eliminen obstáculos al aprendizaje y fortalezcan los programas académicos sobre planificación y políticas de suelo.

Este es un curso de desarrollo profesional para educadores de América Latina sobre los usos y diseño de herramientas pedagógicas para mejorar la enseñanza sobre economía urbana y políticas de suelo, y tiene como objetivos:

  1. compartir y aprender acerca de las herramientas de enseñanza innovadoras, la lógica detrás de su diseño, y cómo se pueden aplicar eficazmente en diferentes formatos y encuentros académicos;
  2. alcanzar una comprensión compartida de la teoría y los enfoques de diseño para el desarrollo y uso de herramientas pedagógicas, especialmente aquellas centradas en la política de suelo y economía urbana;
  3. colaborar en equipo para crear un prototipo de una herramienta didáctica que pueda incorporarse a los cursos existentes y futuros; y
  4. comenzar a construir un depósito de herramientas pedagógicas y experiencias que estarían ampliamente disponibles para los educadores en América Latina.

El público objetivo son educadores en América Latina y el Caribe que cumplan los siguientes criterios:

  1. actualmente enseñan al menos un curso universitario (grado o posgrado) con un enfoque claro en uno o más de los siguientes temas: urbanización; política de suelo; mercados de suelo; vivienda e informalidad; planificación; resolución de conflictos; finanzas municipales; cambio climático;
  2. tienen experiencia usando y/o diseñando herramientas pedagógicas;
  3. demuestran interés en integrar herramientas pedagógicas adicionales en el currículo de las clases que imparten.

Bajar la convocatoria


Detalles

Fecha(s)
Abril 23, 2019 - Abril 26, 2019
Período de postulación
Enero 8, 2019 - Enero 29, 2019
Selection Notification Date
Febrero 12, 2019 at 6:00 PM
Location
Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
Idioma
español
Costo
Free
Registration Fee
Free
Tipo de certificado o crédito
Lincoln Institute certificate
Image shows a high resolution satellite image of a residential area in Tucson
Tecnociudad

Precision-Mapping Water in the Desert

By Rob Walker, Diciembre 14, 2018

 

The desert city of Tucson, Arizona, has an average annual rainfall of just 12 inches. But when the rain comes, it often comes in the form of torrential downpours, causing damaging floods across the city. This is a perhaps ironic challenge for Tucson and the broader Pima County area in which it is situated, given that it’s part of a much larger region working to ensure that there is—and will continue to be—enough water to go around in a time of unrelenting drought.

Both of these distinct water-management challenges—too dry and too wet—can be addressed by thoughtful land use and infrastructure decisions. Of course, when making such decisions, it helps to have precise mapping data on hand. That’s why Pima County officials are working with the Lincoln Institute’s Babbitt Center for Land and Water Policy and other key partners to pilot the use of some of the most cutting-edge mapping and data analysis tools on the market.

For the Babbitt Center—founded in 2017 with the mission of providing land-use research, education, and innovation to communities throughout the Colorado River Basin—the partnership represents one early step in exploring how such technology can be used to help integrate water and land use management across the region.

The technology itself originated across the country, at the Conservation Innovation Center (CIC) of Maryland’s Chesapeake Conservancy, a key player in cleaning up the notoriously pollution-addled Chesapeake Bay. To oversimplify a bit: CIC has designed image analysis algorithms that provide distinctly more granular image data of the earth’s surface. The technology has enabled a shift from a resolution that made it possible to observe and classify land in 30-meter-square chunks to a resolution that makes that possible at one square meter.

The details are of course a little more complicated, explains Jeffrey Allenby, the Conservancy’s director of conservation technology. Allenby says the new technology addresses an historic challenge: the compromise between resolution and cost of image collection. Until relatively recently, you could get 30-meter data collected via satellite every couple of weeks or even days. Or you could get more granular data collected via airplane—but at such a high cost that it was only worth doing every few years at most, which meant it was less timely.

What’s changing, says Allenby, is both the camera technology and the nature of the satellites used to deploy it. Instead of launching a super-expensive satellite built to last for decades, newer companies the CIC works with—Allenby mentions Planet Labs and DigitalGlobe—are using different approaches. “Smaller, replaceable” satellites, meant to last just a couple of years before they burn off in the atmosphere, can be equipped with the latest camera technology. Deployed in a kind of network, they offer coverage of most of the planet, producing new image data almost constantly.

Technology companies developed this business model to respond to commercial and investor demand for the most recent information available; tracking the number of cars in big-box store parking lots can, in theory, be a valuable economic indicator. Land use planners don’t need images quite that close to real time. But Allenby says the CIC began asking the tech companies, “What are you doing with the imagery that’s two weeks old?” It’s less expensive to acquire, but far better than what was previously available. The resulting images are interpreted by computers that classify them by type: irrigated land, bedrock, grassland, and so on. Doing that at a 30-square-meter level required a lot of compromise and imprecision; the one-meter-level is a different story.

The goal is to “model how water moves across a landscape,” as Allenby puts it, by combining the data with other resources, most notably LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) elevation data. Those are the “flour and eggs” of land use data projects, supplemented with other ingredients like reduction efficiencies or load rates from different land cover, depending on the project, Allenby says: “We’re building new recipes.” For Chesapeake Bay, those recipes are meant to help manage water quality. If you can determine where water is concentrating and, say, taking on nitrogen, you can deduce the most cost-effective spot to plant trees or place a riparian buffer to reduce that nitrogen load. (See “Precision Conservation,” October 2016 Land Lines.)

In the Colorado River Basin, the most urgent current water-management challenges are about quantity. Since water policy is largely hashed out at the local level despite the underlying land use issues having implications across multiple states, the Babbitt Center serves as a resource across a broad region. There’s currently a “heightened awareness” of water management among municipal and county policy makers, says Paula Randolph, the Babbitt Center’s associate director. “People are wanting to think about these issues and realizing they don’t have enough information.”

That brings us back to Pima County. Although it lies outside the basin, it boasts two features that make it a good place to evaluate how the uses of precision mapping data might be applied in the West: Basin-like geography and proactive municipal leaders. When the manager of technology for the Pima Association of Governments saw Allenby speak about the benefits of his work in the East, he contacted the CIC to discuss possibilities for the West. A year into the resulting project, several partners are on board, the group is mapping a 3,800-square-mile area, and the open-source data lives on the Pima Regional Flood Control District website, where others throughout the county are able to access and use it.

Broadly, this process has taken some effort, Randolph notes. Satellite data gathered in the West has different contours than the East Coast imagery that Chesapeake’s sophisticated software was used to, and that has required some adjustment—“teaching” the software the difference between a Southwestern rock roof and a front yard that both look (to the machine) like dirt. “We need human partners to fix that,” she says. “We strive for management-quality decision-making data.”

Even as such refinements continue, there are already some early results in Pima County. Clearer and more precise data about land cover is helping to identify areas that need flood mitigation. It has also been useful to identify “hot spots” where dangerous heat-island effects can occur, offering guidance for mitigation actions like adding shade trees. These maps provide a visual showcase about water flow and land use more efficiently than a field worker could.

Both Allenby and Randolph stress that this partnership is still in the early phases of exploring the potential uses and impacts of high-resolution map data. Randolph points out that while the Babbitt Center is working on this and another pilot project in the Denver area, the hope is that the results will contribute to a global conversation around water-management experimentation.

And Allenby suggests that the “recipes” being devised by technologists, policy makers, and planners will ideally lead to a shift in more accurately evaluating the efficiency and impact of various land use projects. This, he hopes, will lead to the most important outcome of all: “Making better decisions.” 

 

The Lincoln Institute has provided occasional financial support to the CIC for map- and data-related projects.

 


 

Rob Walker (robwalker.net) is a columnist for the Sunday Business section of The New York Times.

Image: High-resolution land cover data offers a closer look at Tucson, Arizona. Credit: Chesapeake Conservancy.

Solicitud de propuestas

The Place Database Contest 2019

Submission Deadline: March 25, 2019 at 11:59 PM

Data can often be inaccessible, hard to locate, or just plain difficult to use. We created The Place Database to make important data about our communities, cities, and states more accessible, easier to use, and visually compelling. Our goal with this competition is to encourage researchers, policymakers, academics, and public officials to use The Place Database to tell stories about places using a technique beyond simple charts or pure numbers. We believe that visualizing data on a map will help people tell a story in a more interesting way. In turn, we hope this will motivate others to take action to address identified problems or learn from policies that produced positive results.

The Lincoln Institute of Land Policy and PolicyMap are pleased to announce the launch of The Place Database Contest. The Lincoln Institute will provide $1,500 each to five authors of submissions who create the most compelling stories through maps using The Place Database. The selected authors will turn their ideas into a one- to two-page written narrative.

This opportunity is open to all individuals and entities (universities, non-profits, community groups, etc.). Submissions must be in English and submitted via the official application form by March 25, 2019 at 11:59pm Eastern Time.

Use Case

Why Do We Keep Building in Vulnerable Coastal Areas? A Brief Look at Boston

Zoning and flood risk in Boston


Detalles

Submission Deadline
March 25, 2019 at 11:59 PM
Enlaces relacionados


Descargas


Palabras clave

mapeo

Map of Los Angeles County. Areas of darker green

Place Database

Estimated Median Gross Rent in Los Angeles County (2012–2016)
By Jenna DeAngelo, Octubre 29, 2018

As Los Angeles experiences record population growth, more than 34,000 people in the city are homeless, and a total of more than 55,000 people are experiencing homelessness in Los Angeles County. Median gross rent in Los Angeles County was $1,264 in the period between 2012–2016, compared to the national median gross rent of $949.

View the PDF version of this map for more detail and a key.

Source: The Place Database. www.lincolninst.edu/research-data/data/place-database